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Challenges to Railway Freight in South Africa

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Empty Trains in South Africa Johannesburg

If South Africa’s supply chain were a body, the railways would undoubtedly be its veins weaving through its vast landscapes and industries, moving goods, and connecting cities.

But just like any old system, our rails have their quirks and hiccups. While there are many modes of freight transportation in South Africa, freight by rail is a critical component of the country’s local supply chain. Let us chat about the twists and turns of our beloved railway system.

Main Challenges to Railway Freight Logistics in South Africa

1. Ageing Fleets

Remember that vintage camera you used to own? Beautiful, but maybe not the most efficient or practical in today’s world. Similarly, our railway tracks and equipment have seen better days.

Upgrades are essential, and nostalgia will not fix worn-out rails. What the railway industry in South Africa needs urgently needs is investment in its infrastructure.

2. Security Issues

Imagine prepping a cake and then misplacing the main ingredient. In South Africa, we have got security challenges to our railway network such as cable theft, vandalism, and track theft.

One of these problems alone is a serious challenge to the railway network. However, in South Africa, we have all of these problems happening at the same time.

These issues effectively reduce the routes that can be travelled and the volume of cargo that can be transported via our railway networks.

3. The knock-on effect of safety concerns

The trucking industry is one example of a freight industry that has stepped in to take over many of the duties that South Africa’s railways would traditionally perform.

This means the price of goods can vary with the cost of fuel, it also means more wear and tear on our roads from the increased volume of heavy vehicle traffic.

4. Less Cargo Arriving by Rail

According to statssa.gov.za , from 2021 to the latest 2023 data land-based freight cargo specifically by rail dropped from transporting 45 131 tons of cargo to 38 316 tons of cargo per month. At the same time, road-based freight increased from 166 975 tons to 218 208 tons over the same period supporting the notion the trucking industry has filled the gap left by declining rail transportation industry.

This data suggests either rail freight is not able to transport the cargo or that fewer suppliers are choosing to ship their cargo via rail.

Signs point to the former being true as South Africa continues to face a multitude of challenges to it’s rail freight sector. These challenges are further outlined by sanews.gov.za.

5. Tight Pockets

If railways were a business (and they are), they have been running on a tight budget. More investment would mean a more robust railway system, and thus a stronger more stable transportation system overall to rely upon.

Special investment in security measures is needed to safeguard the railways themselves as thieves are known to target the infrastructure.

6. The Not-So-Connected Dots

While major routes are like buzzing highways, some areas feel more like neglected alleyways. More routes mean more reach! Once we have safeguarded our railways it will be time to expand our network.

This would allow South Africa to move cargo more efficiently to and from remote parts of the country reducing waiting times, damage to our roads, end consumer costs and give the supply chain a greater reach inside South Africa.

7. Roadside Rivalry

Trucks on our roads? They’re like the popular kids in the transport class. They’re fast and flexible, and they’re giving our trains tough competition. However, this is a by-product of the rail network not being able to transport cargo to meet demand.

8. Tangled in Red Tape

We all know that feeling of being bogged down by too much paperwork. Railways, too, get slowed down by some cumbersome regulations. Time for a spring clean, maybe?

9. A Touch of Tech

In an age of smartphones and smart homes, our railways could do with some tech-love. Real-time updates and scheduling tools. This can be achieved by identifying what types of transport management systems these trains would benefit most from the most.

10. Counting Coins

Running a railway network is not cheap. And like many sectors, our railways face financial speed bumps that make some journeys a tad challenging.

In Conclusion

South Africa’s railway network is like a classic novel filled with tales of grandeur, challenges, and undying spirit. To turn the page to a brighter chapter, a blend of investment, innovation, safeguarding and an application of modern tech is what we need.

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Freight Forwarding

SAFLA and AMIE SA Sign MoC to Advance South Africa’s Meat-trade Logistics

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Blurred image of a man moving goods in a cold-chain logistics warehouse

The South African Freight and Logistics Association (SAFLA) and the Association of Meat Importers and Exporters of South Africa (AMIE SA) have signed a Memorandum of Cooperation (MoC) to deepen collaboration on the logistics, port-operational and regulatory issues affecting South Africa’s meat trade.

SAFLA and AMIE SA will use the MoC to identify recurring constraints, exchange evidence and develop practical, solutions-focused proposals for engagement with government agencies and stakeholders. The partnership will support constructive dialogue on port operations, border processes, veterinary and sanitary requirements, market access, rail and road connectivity, and supply-chain resilience.

A United Voice to Find Practical Solutions

“Logistics is fundamental to food security, trade competitiveness and economic growth,” says Jonathan McDonald, Vice Chairman of SAFLA. “This MoC gives SAFLA and AMIE SA a stronger platform to speak with one informed voice, engage constructively with government agencies and work with them to resolve issues that affect cargo flow, costs and reliability. We are most effective when industry brings evidence, expertise and practical solutions to the table.”

Paul Matthew, CEO of AMIE SA, adds that improved collaboration between industry and government is essential if South Africa is to turn trade opportunities into measurable growth. “We have the product, the capability and markets that are ready to buy South African meat,” Matthew notes. “What is required is effective coordination: clear communication between national and provincial authorities, efficient certification and inspection processes, and a willingness to bring the private sector into the solution.”

For meat exporters, the ability to supply international customers consistently is crucial. Delays in market-access processes and veterinary approvals can cause buyers to source from alternative suppliers. Animal-health events remain a trade risk, underlining the importance of robust traceability, credible controls and internationally accepted approaches to regionalisation.

Matthew highlights that trade is not a zero-sum choice between exports and domestic affordability. “Export markets enable producers to obtain value for different cuts across the carcass. That improves overall carcass balance and can support a more sustainable, affordable domestic supply,” he says.

The MoC recognises that food safety and regulatory compliance are non-negotiable. Its purpose is to support processes that are rigorous, proportionate and consistently applied, while ensuring that avoidable administrative bottlenecks do not undermine trade, jobs or consumer access to protein.

AMIE SA estimates that South Africa exported approximately 81,000 tonnes of red meat, including beef, sheep and goat meat, worth around R63 billion between 2025 and May 2026, demonstrating the significant economic potential of the sector even amid disease-related and administrative constraints.

The freight-forwarding sector that enables this trade is itself substantial, with South Africa’s freight-forwarding market estimated to have generated approximately R81 billion in revenue in 2025. Freight forwarders also coordinate more than 80% of the country’s international trade, reinforcing the strategic importance of efficient, reliable logistics systems.

Room for Further Improvement

“Meat trade depends on logistics, predictable inspection and cargo-release processes, veterinary controls, and reliable access to international markets,” continues McDonald. “When these systems do not operate in concert, the consequences are felt by producers, importers, exporters, cold stores, transporters, processors, retailers and consumers.”

While there have been encouraging improvements in infrastructure and equipment in the Durban port, industry continues to confront operational pressure points, including cold-chain capacity, container handling, inspection coordination and release of consignments.

“Through industry engagement, communication and joint advocacy, SAFLA and AMIE SA intend to help convert recurring challenges into coordinated action,” concludes McDonald. “The associations believe that a unified industry voice, combined with respectful partnership with government, can improve the country’s logistics ecosystem, strengthen national supply-chain performance and support a competitive, resilient South African meat sector.”

Jonathan McDonald – Vice Chair of SAFLA, with Paul Matthew, CEO of AMIE SA

Vice Chair of SAFLA, John McDonald shaking hands with Paul Matthew, CEO of AMIE SA

Jonathan McDonald – Vice Chair of SAFLA, with Paul Matthew, CEO of AMIE SA

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SAFLA Strengthens Regional Engagement with SARS Customs

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On 14 July 2026, representatives of the South African Freight and Logistics Association (SAFLA) met in person with SARS Customs management teams in the Western Cape and Johannesburg to advance practical solutions for the freight forwarding and logistics sector.

The engagements build on SAFLA’s formal representation in SARS Customs stakeholder structures and are intended to create direct, practical channels between Customs and industry at regional level. The focus is on efficient trade processes, timely and transparent communication, responsible representation and consistent compliance.

“This is what practical partnership looks like,” says SAFLA Executive Officer Dave Logan. “We are not waiting for problems to accumulate. We are engaging SARS regionally, with clear agendas and evidence from members, so that issues can be addressed before they add avoidable time and cost to legitimate trade.”

Dave Logan, SAFLA Executive Officer

Western Cape Establishes a Structured Working Relationship

SAFLA’s Western Cape Working Group met the SARS Customs regional management team to present the Association’s national and regional model and agree on a structured engagement process.

SARS welcomed the platform and committed to monthly management meetings with the Working Group. It also indicated that broader stakeholder meetings involving customs brokers, shipping lines, depots and freight forwarders would be reinstated.

“SAFLA will continue to participate in quarterly Sea Modality structures and circulate meeting agendas in advance so that both sides arrive prepared to resolve clearly defined issues,” says SAFLA Vice President Jonathan McDonald. “The first formal management meeting is scheduled for 4 August 2026, with a broader stakeholder meeting expected later that month.”

Jonathan McDonald, SAFLA Vice President

“SARS is reviewing Western Cape Customs processes, operating practices and potential technology improvements. SAFLA members will be able to contribute evidence-based input on bottlenecks, inspection delays, communication gaps and the commercial cost of avoidable hold-ups,” McDonald adds.

This channel is particularly important for smaller operators, which have less capacity to absorb the cost of delays and repeated administrative escalation.

Regional Engagement Progresses in Johannesburg and KwaZulu-Natal

In Johannesburg, SAFLA representatives outlined the Association’s purpose and regional engagement model to SARS Customs. SARS indicated a willingness to meet monthly on Customs matters affecting Johannesburg, including Sea Modality issues.

As the relationship moves towards formalisation, SARS requested SAFLA’s stakeholder engagement documentation, confirmation of the Association’s recognition, an organisational chart and current membership numbers. These governance steps will support a durable, properly constituted relationship and inform engagement in other SARS regions.

SAFLA’s KwaZulu-Natal Working Group has meanwhile focused on engagement with Transnet National Ports Authority (TNPA) at the Port of Durban, as road congestion continues to affect access to terminals and depots.

“At a meeting on 24 July, the port manager outlined short- and long-term interventions being implemented. Road access remains a particular concern, including access to the port’s container terminals, the Island View (Cutler) Complex and Bulk Connections,” explains Dave Watts, a member of SAFLA’s KwaZulu-Natal Working Group.

SAFLA KZN Working Group Member Dave Watts

International Container Terminal Services  (ICTSI) assumed day-to-day operational responsibility for Durban Container Terminal Pier 2 in January 2026 under its partnership with Transnet.

“Regular engagement with management across Durban’s container terminals is continuing. At Durban Gateway Terminal, members are reporting limited truck-booking slots and considerable staging-area delays. High volumes, vessel bunching and equipment breakdowns are among the issues understood to be affecting performance,” Watts adds.

The KwaZulu-Natal Working Group also attended a regional SARS Customs meeting as an observer and is working to establish an ongoing relationship with regional Customs officials.

A Practical, Outcomes-Based Relationship

“These engagements show that both parties are willing to build practical, accountable working relationships focused on measurable outcomes. SAFLA’s role is to bring evidence, represent members with integrity and work alongside SARS on solutions that improve both trade facilitation and compliance,” McDonald says.

“SAFLA exists to give freight forwarders a credible voice, nationally and in every region where trade happens. We will keep engaging constructively and measure success by whether the issues raised translate into clearer processes and operational improvements,” he concludes.

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The Growing Importance of Intermodal Transport in South Africa

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A shipment arriving in South Africa rarely reaches its destination using just one form of transport. A container might arrive by ship, travel inland by rail and complete the final leg of its journey by road before reaching a warehouse or distribution centre. It’s a process most businesses rely on without giving it much thought, but it has a name: intermodal transport.

As supply chains become more complex, moving goods efficiently is no longer about choosing one mode of transport over another. It’s about understanding how road, rail, sea and air can work together. For South Africa, where freight often travels hundreds of kilometres between ports, cities and distribution hubs, that approach is becoming increasingly important.

One Journey, Multiple Modes of Transport

Intermodal transport refers to moving goods using two or more modes of transport during a single journey, while the cargo remains in the same container or trailer. Instead of unpacking and repacking products at every stage, the container itself is transferred between ships, trains and trucks until it reaches its final destination.

The approach combines the strengths of each transport mode. Sea freight is well suited to international shipping, rail can move large volumes over long distances and road transport provides the flexibility needed to collect and deliver goods almost anywhere in the country.

Why it Matters in South Africa

South Africa’s freight network stretches across thousands of kilometres, connecting ports, industrial centres, warehouses and retail hubs. Imported goods arriving in Durban or Cape Town often need to reach businesses in Gauteng, while agricultural exports from inland provinces make the journey in the opposite direction before leaving the country.

No single mode of transport can efficiently handle every stage of those journeys. Intermodal transport allows logistics providers to use each network where it performs best, creating a more connected and efficient supply chain.

Building More Efficient Supply Chains

Moving freight across South Africa rarely goes exactly to plan. Delays at a port, road closures or disruptions on the rail network can quickly affect the rest of the journey, forcing logistics providers to rethink how goods reach their destination.

Using different modes of transport gives businesses more options when those challenges arise. Instead of relying on a single route, they can adapt their transport plans and keep freight moving with as little disruption as possible.

Connecting Transport Through Technology

Keeping freight moving across several transport networks depends on good communication. Warehouse teams, transport operators and customers all need to know where shipments are and when they’re expected to arrive.

Digital tracking, transport management systems and electronic documentation have made that much easier. With better visibility across the journey, businesses can respond more quickly to delays, keep customers informed and make day-to-day transport planning far more straightforward.

Looking Beyond a Single Mode of Transport

The most efficient supply chains don’t rely on just one way of moving goods. Road, rail, sea and air each solve different transport challenges, and together they create a stronger, more connected logistics network.

As South Africa’s transport infrastructure continues to evolve, businesses are looking beyond individual transport modes and focusing on how they work together. Choosing the right combination often makes a bigger difference than choosing the fastest route alone.

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